movement
Anc Aligned Actors
Parent: South Africa
Initial entity stub generated from temp/south_africa_20th_century_timeline_starter.csv.
In this family
Events
8 January 1912South African Native National Congress foundedApril 1944ANC Youth League founded12–16 August 1946African Mine Workers' Strike26 June–December 1952Defiance Campaign26 June 1955Freedom Charter adopted1956Women's March against pass laws1960–1976Regionalisation of the conflict1960sSabotage campaigns8 April 1960Banning of liberation organisations9 October 1963–12 June 1964Rivonia Trial1975–1989Cross-border war and regional operations20 May 1983Church Street bombing in Pretoria20 August 1983United Democratic Front founded1985COSATU founded1985Rubicon speech and Botha reform impasse21 July 1985–June 1990State of emergency declared23 December 1985Amanzimtoti shopping-centre bombing14 June 1986Magoo's Bar bombing in Durban21 August 1989Harare Declaration sets out a path to negotiations1990–1994ANC–IFP political violence1990–1994Negotiated transition2 February 1990Unbanning of political organisations11 February 1990Nelson Mandela released from prison4 May 1990Government and ANC adopt the Groote Schuur Minute6 August 1990Pretoria Minute advances negotiations20–21 December 1991CODESA negotiations begin17 March 1992Referendum gives de Klerk a mandate to continue negotiations1993Assassination of Chris Hanic. 2000–2004HIV/AIDS treatment struggle and TAC mobilisation20042004 national election2007–2008Polokwane conference and recall of Mbeki2008Load-shedding crisis begins2009Jacob Zuma becomes president2010FIFA World Cup hosted in South Africa16 August 2012Marikana massacre2013Death of Nelson Mandela2013Economic Freedom Fighters founded30 April 2013Gupta wedding party lands at Waterkloof Air Force Base2015–2017Rhodes Must Fall and Fees Must Fallc. 2016–2018State capture crisis intensifies2018Zuma resigns and Ramaphosa becomes president2018–2022Zondo Commission investigates state capture2020–2022COVID-19 pandemic and hard lockdown8–17 July 2021July unrest following Zuma's imprisonment2024ANC loses majority and Government of National Unity formed2024Load-shedding crisis eases20 December 2024; published January 2025Expropriation Act replaces the 1975 law