c. 1930
Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union collapses
After rapid growth in the 1920s, the ICU fragmented under internal conflict, state pressure and organisational strain, ending its mass phase.
established
social
political-change
After rapid growth in the 1920s, the ICU fragmented under internal conflict, state pressure and organisational strain, ending its mass phase.
Significance
Closed the first great wave of black trade-union mass politics and left a contested legacy for later labour movements.
Why it matters
Closed the first great wave of black trade-union mass politics and left a contested legacy for later labour movements.