Theme
Resistance
Events involving organised resistance to conquest, dispossession, colonial authority, or political domination.
Initial theme stub generated from the nineteenth-century event dataset.
Events
1 March 1510Khoekhoe forces defeat a Portuguese punitive expedition at Salt RiverAfter March 1510Portuguese mariners reduce direct use of Table Bay after the Salt River clash1657Doman sent to Batavia for interpreter training10 July 1658Autshumato banished to Robben IslandMay 1659–April 1660First Khoikhoi–Dutch War1662Doman dies1690Enslaved people in Stellenbosch attempt an uprising28 February 1706Adam Tas is arrested1727–1729Extraordinary soldier desertions under Governor NoodtFebruary–March 1766Meermin slave revolt1779–1781First Frontier War1780–1781Van Jaarsveld’s commandos claim to clear the ZuurveldAugust 1788–29 April 1790Jan Paerl leads a Khoekhoe resistance movement1789–1793Second Frontier War1799–1803Third Frontier War22 April 1819Makhanda (Nxele) leads the attack on Grahamstown1835Hintsa killed during the Sixth Frontier War1846–1847Seventh Frontier War (War of the Axe)1850–1853Eighth Frontier Warc. 1860–1898Venda polities and the Soutpansberg conflicts1906Bambatha Rebellion1906Gandhi and Natal Indian passive resistance begins8 January 1912South African Native National Congress founded30 June 1914Gandhi–Smuts agreement and Gandhi's departure1919Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union foundedc. 1930Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union collapsesApril 1944ANC Youth League founded26 June–December 1952Defiance Campaign26 June 1955Freedom Charter adopted1956Women's March against pass laws1960sSabotage campaigns8 April 1960Banning of liberation organisations9 October 1963–12 June 1964Rivonia Trialc. 1968Black Consciousness movement emerges1975Inkatha movement established19 October 1977Black Consciousness organisations banned1983End Conscription Campaign founded1983Tricameral parliament constitution20 August 1983United Democratic Front founded1985COSATU founded11 February 1990Nelson Mandela released from prison1993Assassination of Chris Hani1993End Conscription Campaign endsc. 2000–2004HIV/AIDS treatment struggle and TAC mobilisation2015–2017Rhodes Must Fall and Fees Must Fall