1789–1793
Second Frontier War
Renewed armed conflict in the Zuurveld involved Xhosa groupings, settlers and colonial forces amid continuing disputes over cattle, settlement and authority.
established
war
Renewed armed conflict in the Zuurveld involved Xhosa groupings, settlers and colonial forces amid continuing disputes over cattle, settlement and authority.
Significance
Major continuation of Zuurveld conflict and a necessary multi-row cluster in the final dataset.
Why it matters
Major continuation of Zuurveld conflict and a necessary multi-row cluster in the final dataset.
Disputed interpretations
The conflict's broad chronology is established, but its triggers, alliances, territorial outcome and the interpretation of competing land claims remain disputed.