community
First peoples
Southern African Khoekhoe and San communities.
Compare group covering Khoekhoe and San communities as first peoples of the region.
In this family
Events
c. 1480 (before Dias)Khoekhoe pastoral communities established at the Cape1503António de Saldanha enters Table Bay1 March 1510Khoekhoe forces defeat a Portuguese punitive expedition at Salt RiverAfter March 1510Portuguese mariners reduce direct use of Table Bay after the Salt River clash1590sEnglish and Dutch ships begin calling regularly at Table Bay1590sKhoekhoe communities trade livestock and goods with foreign marinersLate sixteenth centuryThe Cape becomes a recurrent provisioning node on the route to Asia1 August 1591James Lancaster barters livestock with Khoekhoe at Table Bay4 August 1595Cornelis de Houtman's fleet reaches São Brás6 August 1595Claimed agreement between Dutch sailors and local Khoekhoe near Mossel Bay1601Joris van Spilbergen anchors in Table Bay1615Attempt to leave English convicts at the Cape failsJune 1620English captains proclaim Table Bay for King James I1630São Gonçalo wrecked at Plettenberg Bay1631Autshumato taken to Batavia and trained as an intermediary1632Autshumato establishes a trading base on Robben Island1647–1648Nieuwe Haerlem survivors maintain a temporary Cape campMarch 1647Nieuwe Haerlem wrecked in Table BayFrom 1652VOC begins sustained livestock barter with Khoekhoe communities6 April 1652Jan van Riebeeck arrives at Table Bay1655VOC begins systematic exploration beyond the Cape Peninsula1657Doman sent to Batavia for interpreter training1657VOC officials formulate territorial separation measuresFebruary 1657First free burgher farms established along the Liesbeeck River22 October 1657Abraham Gabbema explores the Berg River region10 July 1658Autshumato banished to Robben Island1659–1664VOC expeditions search for Namaqua trade and mineral resourcesMay 1659–April 1660First Khoikhoi–Dutch War1660VOC constructs a fortified Liesbeeck frontierApril 1660Negotiated peace ends the First Khoikhoi–Dutch War31 January 1661Pieter Cruythoff reaches Namaqua territory1662Doman dies1662Krotoa baptised into the Dutch Reformed Church21 November 1662Sousoa encourages direct VOC trade with the Hessequa1663Autshumato dies1664Krotoa marries Pieter van Meerhof1669Krotoa banished to Robben Island4 January 1669Hieronimus Cruse departs on a Hessequa trade expedition1672VOC concludes disputed land-transfer agreements with Khoekhoe leadersAugust 1672VOC establishes an agricultural outpost at Hottentots Holland1673VOC records a land transaction with Chaitain Dhouw18 July 1673Second Khoikhoi–Dutch War begins1676VOC launches a renewed campaign against the Cochoqua10 December 1676–6 January 1677Cruse leads a livestock expedition toward Captain Claes and the Hessequa1677Cornelis Wobma surveys the west coast25 June 1677Cochoqua submission ends the seventeenth-century Khoikhoi–Dutch war1680Stellenbosch settlement founded1682Olof Bergh undertakes a west-coast expedition1683Olof Bergh conducts a second northern expedition1684VOC imposes tighter price controls on indigenous tradeAugust 1685–January 1686Simon van der Stel leads an expedition to Namaqualand1687Upper Berg River Valley opened to free-burgher settlement4 January–10 April 1689Isaq Schrijver leads an expedition into the eastern interiorc. 1690sTrekboer pastoral expansion emerges beyond the settled districtsLate seventeenth centuryA Cape Dutch creole speech community begins to develop20 July–August 1693VOC backs rival captain Koopman in an attack on Dorha1713Smallpox epidemic devastates Cape society3 July 1714VOC establishes the loan-place system1730Riet Valleij cattle post is first recorded9 July 1737Georg Schmidt arrives at the Cape1738Mission station at Baviaanskloof is establishedc. 1742Schmidt baptises Khoekhoe converts1743Swellendam is founded5 March 1744Georg Schmidt departs the Cape1755Second major smallpox epidemic21 November 1757Swellendam Khoekhoe herders report armed cattle seizures1767Third major smallpox epidemic1778VOC extends eastern boundary to the Fish and Bushmans rivers1779–1781First Frontier War1786Graaff-Reinet is foundedAugust 1788–29 April 1790Jan Paerl leads a Khoekhoe resistance movement1789–1793Second Frontier War1792Moravians return to the former Baviaanskloof missionMay 1793H. C. D. Maynier becomes landdrost of Graaff-Reinet1799–1803Third Frontier War1 November 1809Caledon Code promulgated6 August 1813Cape loan places become eligible for perpetual quitrent1828Ordinance 50 repeals key Khoikhoi labour restrictions1829Kat River Settlement established1850–1853Eighth Frontier War1861–1863Adam Kok III leads the Griqua trek to Nomansland27 October 1871Griqualand West proclaimed British territory