Theme
Diplomacy
Agreements, negotiations, alliances, treaties, and disputed understandings between historical actors.
Source required before publication.
Events
1560Gonçalo da Silveira begins a Jesuit mission at the Mutapa court1619Anglo-Dutch joint settlement at the Cape is proposed1629Portuguese influence over Mutapa expands after civil conflict1631Autshumato taken to Batavia and trained as an intermediary1657Doman sent to Batavia for interpreter trainingMay 1659–April 1660First Khoikhoi–Dutch War21 November 1662Sousoa encourages direct VOC trade with the Hessequa1663Autshumato dies1673VOC records a land transaction with Chaitain Dhouw1775Death of Phalo heightens Gcaleka–Rharhabe tensions1778VOC extends eastern boundary to the Fish and Bushmans rivers1779–1781First Frontier War1789–1793Second Frontier WarMay 1793H. C. D. Maynier becomes landdrost of Graaff-Reinet4–6 February 1838Retief–Dingane deed and the killing of Retief's party1840Mpande becomes Zulu kingc. 1840–1865Swazi kingdom expands and consolidates under Mswati II17 January 1852Sand River Convention23 February 1854Bloemfontein Convention12 March 1868Basutoland placed under British protection3 August 1881Pretoria Convention30 October 1888Rudd Concession signed with Lobengula30 June 1914Gandhi–Smuts agreement and Gandhi's departure1960–1976Regionalisation of the conflict15 March 1961South Africa withdraws its application to remain in the Commonwealth26 August 1966South African Border / Bush War begins1985Rubicon speech and Botha reform impasse2 October 1986US Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act1987–1988Battle of Cuito Cuanavale1989South African Border / Bush War ends21 August 1989Harare Declaration sets out a path to negotiations4 May 1990Government and ANC adopt the Groote Schuur Minute20–21 December 1991CODESA negotiations begin